Operators#

Arithmetic operators#

Operator	Description	Example
`+`	Addition	`a + b` Adds `a` and `b`.
`-`	Subtraction	`a - b` Subtracts `b` from `a`.
`*`	Matrix Multiplication	`a * b` Multiplies `a` and `b` if `a` and `b` are matrices or vectors. If either operand is a scalar, element-by-element multiplication will be performed.
`.*`	ExE Multiplication	`a .* b` Multiplies elements of `a` and `b`.
`.*. `	Kronecker Product	`a .*. b` Computes the Kronecker (tensor) product of `a` and `b`.
`/`	Matrix Division	`a / b` Computes the least squares solution if `a` and `b` are matrices or vectors. If either operand is a scalar, element-by-element division will be performed.
`./`	ExE Division	`a ./ b` Divides each element of `a` by the corresponding element of `b`.
`.^`	ExE Power	`a .^ b` Raises each element of `a` to the power of `b`.
	Factorial	`n!` Computes the factorial of `n`.
`%`	Modulo	`a % b` Computes the remainder of `a` divided by `b`.
`'`	Transpose	`a'` Transposes matrix `a`, swapping its rows with columns.
`.'`	Bookkeeping Transpose	`a.'` Transposes matrix `a` without conjugation, applicable to complex matrices.
`=`	Assignment	`a = b` Assigns `b` to `a`.
`:`	Range	`a:b` Creates a sequence from `a` to `b`. `a:step:b` creates a stepped sequence. Inside brackets, creates an index range for slicing.
`\|`	Vertical Concatenation	`a \| b` Vertically concatenates `a` and `b` (stacks rows).
`~`	Horizontal Concatenation	`a ~ b` Horizontally concatenates `a` and `b` (appends columns).

Operator	Description	Example
`$+`	String Combine	`a $+ b` Combines strings element-by-element.
`$\|`	String Vertical Concatenation	`a $\| b` Vertically concatenates string arrays.
`$~`	String Horizontal Concatenation	`a $~ b` Horizontally concatenates string arrays.

Operator	Description	Example
`.==`	Element-by-Element Equality	`a .== b` Compares each element of `a` with `b`, resulting in a matrix of 1’s and 0’s.
`==`	Equality	`a == b` Returns a scalar 1 (true) if all elements of `a` and `b` are equal, otherwise 0 (false).
`=`	Inequality	`a != b` Returns a scalar 1 (true) if `a` and `b` are not equal, otherwise 0 (false).
`.!=`	Element-by-Element Inequality	`a .!= b` Compares each element of `a` with `b`, resulting in a matrix of 1’s and 0’s.
`>`	Greater Than	`a > b` Returns 1 (true) if all elements of `a` are greater than those of `b`.
`.>`	Element-by-Element Greater Than	`a .> b` Compares each element of `a` with `b`, resulting in a matrix of 1’s and 0’s.
`.>=`	Element-by-Element Greater or Equal	`a .>= b` Compares each element of `a` with `b`, resulting in a matrix of 1’s and 0’s.
`>=`	Greater or Equal	`a >= b` Returns 1 (true) if all elements of `a` are greater than or equal to those of `b`, otherwise 0 (false).
`<`	Less Than	`a < b` Returns 1 (true) if all elements of `a` are less than those of `b`.
`.<`	Element-by-Element Less Than	`a .< b` Compares each element of `a` with `b`, resulting in a matrix of 1’s and 0’s.
`.<=`	Element-by-Element Less or Equal	`a .<= b` Compares each element of `a` with `b`, resulting in a matrix of 1’s and 0’s.
`<=`	Less or Equal	`a <= b` Returns a scalar 1 (true) if all elements of `a` are less than or equal to those of `b`, otherwise 0 (false).

Operator	Description	Example
`not`	Logical NOT	`not a` Returns logical negation of `a`.
`and`	Logical AND	`a and b` Returns 1 if both `a` and `b` are true (non-zero).
`or`	Logical OR	`a or b` Returns 1 if either `a` or `b` is true (non-zero).
`xor`	Logical XOR	`a xor b` Returns 1 if exactly one of `a` or `b` is true.
`eqv`	Logical EQV	`a eqv b` Returns 1 if `a` and `b` have the same logical value.

Operator	Description	Example
`&`	Address/Pointer	`&x` Returns the address of variable `x` for use with function pointers.
`^`	String Dereference	`^varname` Substitutes the value of a string variable in commands that expect literal strings.