# design¶

## Purpose¶

Creates a design matrix of 0’s and 1’s from a column vector of numbers specifying the columns in which the 1’s should be placed.

## Format¶

y = design(x)
Parameters

x (Nx1 vector) – Vector specifying the columns in which 1’s for the design matrix should be placed.

Returns

y (NxK matrix) – each row of y will contain a single 1, and the rest 0’s. The one in the ith row will be in the round(x[i, 1]) column. The dimension K is such that K = maxc(x).

## Examples¶

### Example 1: Create dummy variables¶

design() makes it easy to create dummy variables from a vector of integers.

 // Vector of classes
c = { 3, 1, 1, 3, 2 };

// Create dummy variable
d = design(c);


After the above code:

d = 0 0 1
1 0 0
1 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0


### Example 2: Create a permutation matrix¶

This example uses design to interchange the rows of a matrix.

// Suppress printing of digits after the decimal place
format /rd 6,0;

// Set the rng seed for repeatable random numbers
rndseed 345425235;

/*
** Create a 4x4 matrix of random integers with a standard
** deviation of 10
*/
x = round(10*rndn(4, 4));
print x;


The code above returns:

 4     12     -1    -10
5     -3     12      8
12     -2     21    -21
-7    -13      0     -1


Continuing with the example:

// The order of the rows we want
row_order = { 3, 1, 4, 2 };

// Create a permutation matrix from 'row_order'
p = design(row_order);
print p;


This section returns:

0      0      1      0
1      0      0      0
0      0      0      1
0      1      0      0


We can use p to permutate the matrix x

/*
** Create a permuted version of 'x' with our preferred row
** order
*/
x2 = p*x;
print x2;


This final section returns:

12     -2     21    -21
4     12     -1    -10
-7    -13      0     -1
5     -3     12      8


This last print statement shows us that we have indeed changed the order of the rows. In x the row order is 1, 2, 3, 4. However, in x2, the row order is 3, 1, 4, 2 (i.e. the third row is now first, the first row is now second, etc.)

## Remarks¶

Note that x does not have to contain integers: it will be rounded to nearest integer if necessary.

design.src